友情说明：评职称要发论文，写论文太麻烦了，发表论文更麻烦，不过，还是要先了解下职称相关的讯息吧。看看下边的信息吧。
关键词：摘要的写作一、为何接纳结构式论文摘要
医学论文的摘要，是为了把研究工作的首要内容以最精练的文字予以介绍，副手读者对该工作的目的、贪图及研究效果较快地得出归纳综合性的年夜白。从而决意是否需阅读全文。结构式论文摘要具有平稳花样，其撰写花样与科研贪图脑子方式相整齐，有助于作者理清思绪，正确表达，甚至可促使作者在执行贪图最先时就晓畅各项内容，使各部门更趋周详、合理，以得出正确结论。也便于国际间交换，可以转载，易于流传。
当前,医学文献数据库除收录论文问题外，同时收录论文摘要。例如,美国国家医学藏书楼医学文献联机检索系统(MEDLINE)收集了全全国3600多种医学期刊的数十万条则献，其中包含中华医学会系列杂志20余种。荷兰医学文摘(Excepta Medica)以收录高质量的文摘著称,悉数收录论文摘要，按专业分册出书。中国医学科学院医学信息研究中央在国家科委与卫生部向导下，也竖立了中国生物医学文献数据库，收录1990年以来刊登在国内期刊的论著中、英文问题及中文摘要，并制成数据库光盘系统。各类数据库的竖立，无疑加速了国内外信息的流传，节约了读者的时刻，便于更实时把握最新的科研动态。为此，写好论文摘要至关主要。
二、结构式论文摘要的根底写作方式 结构式论文摘要包含目的、方式、效果与结论四部门。因为年夜都国外读者不能看懂论著全文,所以,英文摘要内容应较中文摘要更周全。具体字数可凭据分歧期刊或征文的要求而定，中文摘要日常在200字以内。英文摘要字数为150～400个英文单词。中英文摘要各项内容根底不异。分述如下:
1.目的(Objective)：直接了当地正确声名研究目的或所阐述的题目问题。如问题已清晰注解，则摘要中可以不频频。亦可以在摘要最先，简要声名提出题目问题的配景。英文常以动词不定式“To+动词真相”开首。常用英文表达体式格局:To investigate...and...;To assese...;To determine whether...;To study...;To examine...;To evaluate ... and compare...;To improve...;To describe...;To explore....;To clarify;To identify ...;To localize ...等。
2.方式(Methods)：对研究的根底贪图加以描摹。包含诊断尺度、分组情形及随访时刻；研究器械的数目及特征，以及对在研究中因副浸染或其余原因而裁撤的研究器械数目;视察的首要变量及首要的研究方式；治疗手法包含行使方式及浸染时刻等。若为临床研究，需声名是前瞻性随机对比研究或回首性剖析。方式学研究要声名新的或改造的方式、培植、材料，以及被研究的器械（动物某人）。英文常需要用完整的被动或自动结构句子，动词用曩昔时态。常用英文表达体式格局:A randomized, double blind,placebo controlled trial was performed;A case control study;A prospective clinical study;We retrospectively analyzed...;W e studied ...等。
3.效果(Results)：为摘要的重点部门。供给研究所得出的首要效果，列出主要数据。指出新方式与经典方式对照而显示出的优瑕玷，并声名其可托度及正确性的统计学水平。英文要用完整句子，谓语动词用曩昔时态，研究所得数据如百分数、血压等数字接纳临床病例钞缮形式，不必用书面英文表达。常用英文表达体式格局:...was (were)...;We found...;There was...等。4.结论(Conclusion)：把研究的首要结论性概念，用一、二句话简明表达，不必另分段落或设小题目。结论应该有直接依据,避免推想和过于笼统。英文用完整句子表达，动词时态用日常此刻时或此刻完成时。最好直接写结论,也可用一些句型引出结论。常用英文表达体式格局：...is probably ...;...is ...;Our conclusion is that ...;This study shows that...;This study suggests that...;This study confirms that...;These observations support ...等。
三、结构式论文摘要写作的注重工作
1.文辞力图简明易懂，不能模糊及频频。除了已范例化的缩略语(如DNA)外,首次用缩略语之前须将英文全称列出。
2.英文所用时态需与工作发生时刻相整齐，论说根底纪律时可用此刻时。论说研究器械、方式和效果时，用曩昔时。
四、结构式论文摘要举例
Objective: To evaluate the perinatal and 2-year outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) during the second trimester. Methods: Fifty-three consecutive singleton pregnancies with PROM at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied retrospectively. Management goals were to prolong the pregnancies to 32 weeks through expectant management and to avoid fetal compromise through closer monitoring and active intervention, when necessary, after 23 weeks. Outcome of the surviving infants was based on neurologic, audiometric, and ophthalmologic examinations at 2 years of corrected age. Results: Rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks (mean 17.4 weeks) in 10 women, at 10～25 weeks (mean 24.0 weeks) in 24, and at 26～28 weeks (mean 27.6 weeks) in 19.The median latency periods to delivery were 72 days, 12 days, and 10 days when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively.The overall incidence of chorioamnionitis was 28%.There were no fetal deaths and nine neonatal deaths. When rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks,and 26～28 weeks, the perinatal survival rates were 40%,92% and,100%, respectively. Pulmonary hypoplasia accounted for seven deaths. Of the live-born infants, 81% were alive at 2 years of corrected age. Survival without major impairment was observed in 75%, 80%, and 100% of the survivors when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Expectant management of second-trimester PROM offers better perinatal and long-term survival than previously thought.
