友情提示：写论文不难，难的是选好一个适合的期刊。你可以在本站了解一下评职的具体要求哦，可以参考一下哦!
Application of personal pronouns in introduction section of English medical research articles【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate and contrast the personal pronouns used in introduction sections of English medical research articles written by Chinese medical writers (CMWs) and native English speaking medical writers (NMWs). METHODS: The personal pronouns used in 50 introduction sections written by CMWs and 20 ones by NMWs were investigated and compared using ESP genre analysis and the contrastive approach. RESULTS: The first personal pronouns were found mainly used in their plural forms in subjective cases and more favorably used in the introduction sections written by NMWs (85%) than those by CMWs (54%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese medical writers use significantly less the first personal pronouns than their native English speaking counterparts which may in some way result from their difference in thought pattern and culture transfer.
【Keywords】 English; medical research article; introduction; personal pronouns; ESP genre analysis; contrastive analysis
【摘要】 目的：切磋和对比人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学研究性论文序言部门中的行使情形. 方式：接纳ESP体裁剖析法以及对比研究法对50篇和20篇离别由中国医学作者和母语为英语的外国作者所撰写的英文医学研究性论文序言部门中的人称代词行使情形进行统计、对比、剖析研究. 效果：两个语料库中英文医学研究性论文序言部门行使的人称代词首要为第一人称代词复数主格形式we. 英语为母语的外国医学作者行使第一人称远远高于中国医学作者 具有较着性差异. 结论：中外作者在脑子体式格局、文化和措辞的迁移方面存在差异.
【关键词】 英文;医学论文;序言; 人称代词; ESP体裁剖析法; 对比研究剖析
引言
科学研究凡是被感受具有客不雅观性，是以科研报道也凡是被人们感受必需是客不雅观的、非人称的［1］. 但作为研究者本人，在其科研报道中，除了客不雅观地报道其科研功效、成就之外，他们还须一方面注解其研究的意义以及其研究对这一学科所做出的进献，另一方面他们又要谦逊地吸引编纂和他们的读者，也就是他们要获得编纂和读者的赞许和接管，以达到研究者本人同编纂和读者之间的交换［2］. 从措辞学角度来说，医学作者的这一外交目的可经过过程运用一些划定礼貌策略、信息组成以及具体的词汇、语法结构，好比说人称代词来实现. 我们感受某一人称代词的选用凡是能揭示作者若何看待自己以及注解作者同读者、同业的相干［2］.
本研究切磋了人称代词的行使是若何注解作者在研究中的浸染、中外学术作者所撰写的英文医学研究性论文序言部门中人称代词行使的差异及原因.
1 材料和方式
1.1 材料我们竖立了两个英文医学科研论文序言部门的数据库，即中国作者撰写的序言部门语料库（CMW）和英语为母语的外国作者所撰写的序言部门语料库（NMW）. CMW由中国出书的10种焦点期刊及源期刊英文版随机选出的50篇最新的英文医学研究性论文序言部门组成；NMW由美国及英国出书的4种最具权威的期刊中随机选出的20篇最新医学研究性论文序言部门组成. 所选外国期刊为：The Journal of the American Medical Association (J1) The New England Journal of Medicine (J2) The Lancet(J3) The British Medical Journal (J4). 中国期刊英文版为: Chinese Journal of Traumatology (J5) Chinese Medical Journal (J6) ACTA Pharmacologia Sinica (J7) ACTA Biochimica et. Biophysica Sinica (J8) Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences (J9) Chinese Medical Science Journal (J10) World Journal of Gastroenterology (J11) Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics (J12) Asian Journal of Andrology (J13) Cell Research (J14).
1.2 方式我们接纳ESP体裁剖析方式(语步-步骤法)［3］和对比研究定量剖析方式［4］经过过程上下文剖析离别找出中外医学作者所撰写的序言部门每个语步中的人称代词，并离别纪录它们泛起的频数，并策画出它们在序言部门全数词中行使的千分比将两个语料库中所得出的效果用卡方进行对比剖析研究. 我们接纳ESP体裁剖析方式（语步-步骤法）和对比定性剖析方式，离别找出中外医学作者所撰写的序言部门每个语步中的人称代词，策画人称代词在中外作者所撰写的50篇和20篇中行使的百分比 将两个语料库中所得出的效果用卡方进行对比剖析研究.
2 效果
中外医学作者在两个数据库中共行使了66个第一人称复数的主格、宾格和所属格形式 其中主格占绝对年夜都；未发现第一人称代词单数和第二、三人称代词单复数形式; 中外医学作者每千字离别行使了2.37和3.81第一人称代词复数的主格形式，具有较着性差异(P<0.05). 在中外医学作者所写50篇和20篇序言中，离别有27篇(54%)和17篇(85%)行使了第一人称代词复数的主格形式，注：‰: 第一人称代词复数在由5251词所组成的NMW和由13918词所组成的CMW中的千分比；NMW：外国医学作者撰写的序言部门语料库；CMW：中国医学作者撰写的序言部门语料库.在中外医学作者撰写的序言中 第一人称代词复数we后接动词的自动语态为序言部门中首要的行使形式. 作者在语步3中经过过程提出研究理论或方式、陈述研究的目的以及申报其研究效果或发现 来声名作者自己在研究中做了哪些工作. 例如：We investigated differential expression of these genes in various tissues and under various stresses or conditions allowing us to develop a greaternderstanding of the importance of the PI pathway. (J14?7)We used the full?length HPO (15ku) fused to GAL4 DNA?binding domain as bait in the yeast two?hybrid system to creen a human testis cDNA library. (J12?2) We designed a series of primer pairs based on the equences of the conserved regions of the rat and monkey homolous gene cDNA. (J8?3) We ompared the hormonal patterns in volunteers participating in a contraceptive trial with levonorgestrel implants and testosterone endcannoate injectable at an aim to identify possible factors contributing to the differences in spermatogenic suppressionbetween esponders and non?responders in Chinese men. (J13?1) In this study we observed the clinical efficacy of CVVH in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. (J6?2)We developed a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction ethod according to the published genome sequence of the SARS?associated coronavirus. (J6?3)We examined a number of local populations of D. lacertosa almost covering the known geographic range of this pecies. (J14?5)Here we report the results ofthe second planned interim analysis which we are releasing in accordance with the recommendation of the independent data and safety onitoring committee. (J2?1) We present a review of OSAS children diagnosed between January 1997 and December1998 and their outcomes. (J6?4) In this study we identified a novel human testis specific gene TSP1 which encodes a putative bHLH?Zip transcription factor. (J13?4) We conducted a case?control study using data from the Massachusetts Department ofpublic Health?s Complaint and Incident Reporting System and from MDs assessments to provide a broad examination of the types of injuries that result from resident?to?resident violent incidents. (J1?3) We present new data on the health insurance coverage characteristics of adolescents …. We assess the health insurance status of dolescents …. We then examine trends in adolescent health care coverage …. (J1?4) We prospectively studied a large community?based sample of persons in whom plasma ariuretic peptide levels were routinely measured and who were followed for the occurrence of major cardiovascular events and death. (J2?5)We have found this technique particularly useful where traditional fixation techniques are inadequate because of trochanteric comminution or deficient bone stock. (J8?5)
但就提出研究目的和目的而言 外国医学作者多用we aimed to 而中国医学作者多用the aim/purpose of the research is/was…，或 the research/study was to…. 例如 The purpose of this study was to determine whether TP could reduce the chronic CsA nephrotoxicity and the xpression of TGF in tubular and interstitial cells in the rate model of CsA?induced chronic ephrotoxicity. (J8?7) The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between gastric H pylori infectionand reflux esophagitis (RE) BE and gastric IM in China. (J11?3)The present study was to investigate the effects of Res on the secondary spinal cord edema. (J7?6)study was undertaken to review our results in treating compromised abductorswith tension band in revision total hip arthroplasty. (J5?4)The present study aimed to make a comprehensiveanalysis on phyulogenetic relationships of the family yprinidae based on complete cytochrome b gene sequences. (J9?2)The present study is to clone its homologue from rat testis. (J14?2) We aimed to establish if asymptomatic ubduralhaemorrhages arise after delivery to assess their frequency and to ascertain their resolution. (J3?3)
3 谈判
英文医学研究性论文序言部门行使第一人称代词复数形式原因之一是基于这样一个事实，即年夜年夜都的医学研究都不是由一小我完成的 是以“we” “us” 和“our”自然地强调了全数列入了研究工作人员的进献. 原因之二是第一人称代词复数形式有助于缩短研究者本人和读者之间的距离 因为“we”和“us”不只是指作者和读者酬酢和外交的脚色 而且还注解作者和读者两者之间研究工作和研究目的的整齐性. 末尾一个也是最为主要的原因就是作者要在此强调他们自己对这一研究和这一研究领域所做出的小我进献. 语步3（占有研究地位）经过过程概述研究目的、传达当前研究状况及传达首要发现来实现作者与读者的对话、强调本人对这一研究所做的进献. 中国医学作者行使第一人称代词复数主格形式远远低于外国医学作者 一方面是因为中国医学作者一贯以来所接管的教育造成的，感受科学研究具有客不雅观性，应客不雅观地、非人称地报道出来，是以中国人在撰写研究性论文中更多的行使被动语态及用一些抽象名词如“purpose aim goal”作主语，而不是用自动语态、第一人称代词“we”，来表达他们在这一研究领域中的研究地位，这显然没有充裕地声名或凸起他们对这一研究领域所做的进献，没有完全达到他们与读者和编纂之间的有用交换. 另一方面，器械方在文化方面及脑子模式上的差异也体此刻了学术方面. 西方人的个人主义取向使得他们敢于轻视权威，凸起自我 强调他们在学术方面的小我进献. 而东方人的集体主义取向以及中国人的不偏不倚使得中国学术作者不风尚于“冒尖”，不风尚于凸起自我，而隐埋自己则有一种安好感. 这两种文化上的差异在某种水平上造成中外医学作者在若何看待自己和若何看待自己的研究功效方面存在光鲜明显的分歧.
【参考文献】
［1］ Bazerman C. Shaping written knowledge ［M］. Madison Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1989.
［2］ Myers G. The pragmatics of politeness in scientific texts［J］. Applied Linguistics 19894: 1-35.
［3］ Swales JM. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings［M］. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1990:111-166.
［4］ Chih?Hua Kuo. The use of personal pronouns: Role relationships in scientific journal articles［J］. English for Specific Purposes 198813(2): 149-170.
