高中英语解说论文:高考英语试题中“省略”的考查
对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。因为省略这种语法手法既可避免频频,凸起新的信息,又能使上下文更慎密地毗邻起来。这也正相符现代生涯快节奏的需要。是以,在英语口语中,只要不损害结构和引起例如义,能省略的处所就尽概略省略。
但有时省略的成分,在句中据有相当的份量,能表达必然的信息,这无疑就增添了试题的难度。是以在解题时,除了应不凡注重进行语境剖析,从上文或上、下文中找出相关的省略成份外,还要对常用的省略常识有所认识,从而做到有的放矢,找出解题的打破口。下面就该题目问题作一剖析。
一、复合句中的省略现象复合句中的省略现象凡是出此刻状语从句中。
一)在含有对照结构的复合句中,常在as或than指导的分句中省略某些与主句不异的成分或省略在特定上 下文或特定情景形象中某些不言而喻的成分;或整个as/than从句。如:1.the pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(met90)
a.cheaper;not as better b.more cheap; not as better c.cheaper; not as good d.more cheap; not as good本题应选c.离别为cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略。
2.john plays football________,if not better than, david.(nmet94)
a.as well b.as well as c.so well d.so well as本题应选b.凭据上下文可看出if not better than 为if johndoesn't play football better than david(plays football) 的省略。那么,断根这个前提的话,john和david就踢得一样好了。 故要用副词well 的同级对照的一定式。
3.how beautifully she sings! i've never heard _______ .(nmet96)
a.the better voice b.a good voice c.the best voice d.a better voice本题应选d.从整个语境来剖析,后句中的对照状语从句than hers被省略失落了。故此题应选对照级。
二)若是复合句中的时刻、前提、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构,且主、从句主语整齐时,可省 略从句的毗邻词、主语和be助动词,只保留分词和其余成分。如:4.________in thought, he almost ran into the car in frontof him.(nmet96)
a.losing b.having lost c.lost d.to lose本题应选c.lost in thought 为as he was lost in thought之省略。
5.________more attention, the trees could have grownbetter.(met90)
a.given b.to give c.giving d.having given本题应选a.given more attention为if they were given moreattention之省略。
三)在含有定语从句的复合句中,若是定语从句用了进行时态或被动语态,且相干代词在从句中作主语时 ,可省略相干代词和助动词。只保留分词或其余成分。如:6.the olympic games,_______ in 776 b.c., did not includewomen players until 1912.(nmet97)
a.first playing b.to be first played c.first played d.to be first playing本题应选c.first played 为which was first played 之省略。
7.do you know the boy__________ under the big tree? (met89)
a. lay b.lain c.laying d.lying本题应选d.lying为who is lying之省略。
8.most of the artists ________ to the party were fromsouth africa.(met90)
a.invited b.to invite c.being invited d.have been invited本题应选a.invited为who were invited之省略。
9.the first textbooks________for teaching english as aforeign language came out in the 1 6th century. a.having written b.to be written c.being written d.written(nmet94)
本题应选d.written为that were written之省略。
四)如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相频频的话,从句的句尾可省略失落(括号中的内容为省略失落的成分)。 如:10.li lei will play football if mike will (play football)。
11.mary is going to sweep the floor because/though alicewon't(sweep the floor)。
五)在复合句中,若是两个并列的状语从句只是隶属连词分歧,其余不异时,则可省略一个状语从句,而 把两个隶属连词毗邻起来(括号中的内容为省略的成分)。如:12.they will be arriving either before (the film begins)or after the film begins.
六)在含有宾语从句的复合句中,若有两个并列的that从句的自动词及随带成份(宾语、表语、状语等) 一样时,可将第二个that从句的自动词及随带成份省略。两个并列的that从句,若是主语不异,而谓语分歧, 可把第二个that从句的连词和主语一齐省略。两个并列的从句如连词分歧而其余成份不异,可省略第一分句和 第二分句不异的部门,只把两个连词毗邻起来(括号内容为省略的成分)。如:13.i know mary will sing in the party but john won't(sing in the party)。
14.tell him that i'll call to see him and (that i'll) havesupper with him. 15.i don't know when (he was born) and where he was born.
二、在回覆日常疑问句的简单答语中;或回覆用陈述句,祈使句透露表现要求、饬令的简单答语中。常用yes /no+主语+助动词, 而省略自动词或其余成份。但助动词应和原句的助动词和时刻概念须连结响应的整齐; 或凭据句意选择对出格问句的答语时,经常省略和问句相频频的部门,只保留新信息部门。如:1.—alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
—i ______ ,but i had an unexpected visitor. (nmet97)
a.had b.would c.was going to d.did本题选c.据句意,是透露表现昨天筹算要来。 was going to 后省略了come yesterday. 2.—could i borrow your dictionary?
—yes, of course you ________ . (nmet92)
a.might b.will c.can d.should本题选c.could在句中透露表现委婉语气,而不是曩昔时,答语中应用can;can后省略了borrow my dictiona ry. 3.—don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.—__________.(nmet94)
a.i don't b.i won't c.i can't d.i haven't本题选b.因祈使句含有未来的意味,再加上有tomorrow的限制,因而应用i won't回覆。i won't 后省略 了forget to go to yourbirthday party tomorrow. 4.—how long has this bookshop been in business?
—_________ 1982.(nmet94)
a.after b.in c.from d.since本题选d.凭据句意和结构, 该题承前省略了主语、 谓语it hasbeen in business 等; 只保留了新信 息(时刻状语)部门; 再由howlong对时刻段提问的限制,只能选since.
三、在回覆问句及其余形式的答语中,若有和上文频频的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而 把动词和其余部门省略。如:
1.—would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—i'd like to,______i'm too busy. (nmet94)
a.and b.so c.as d.but本题应选d.据上文, 下文中的i'd like to 后省略了come todinner tonight,这样很随意纰漏看出逗号 前后信息相反,故选but. 2.—i'll be away on a business trip. would you mindlooking after my cat?
—not at all,__________.(nmet95)
a.i've no time b.i'd rather not c.i'd like it d.i'd be happy to本题应选d.据not at all 的限制,a、b不合题意。c搭配错, 因'd like后应跟不定式。i'd be happy to 后省略了look after yourcat. 3.the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, buthis mother told him_________.(nmet95)
a.not to b.not to do c.not do it d.do not to本题选a.not to 后省略了和上文相频频的ride his bicycle inthe street.
四、英语中的反意疑问句。反意疑问句常用一个一定的陈述句,再加上一个只保留助动词和主语的简单问 句的否认形式;或一个否认的陈述句,再加上一个简单疑问句的一定形式;而其余成分则被省略。祈使句的反 意问句形式,不管祈使句是一定的照样否认的,除了在let's……后加简单的疑问句shall we外,其余的都在其 后加will you.如:
1.it's a fine day. let's go fishing,________?
a.won't we b.will we c.don't we d.shall we(met90)
本题选d.
2.be sure to write to us, _______?(nmet93)
a.will you b.aren't you c.can you d.mustn't you本题选a.五、在英语中,有一些出格的省略结构, 如:what/how about……? why not do……?等现实上已形成了习 习用法。how/what about 后只跟名词、代词或动名词(短语);why not后只接动词真相。如:1.how about the two of us________a walk down the garden?(met93)
a.to take b.take c.taking d.to be taking本题选c. 2.—i usually go there by train.—why not_______by boat for a change? (nmet92)
a.to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going本题选d.
六、和前文频频的助动词或频频的首要动词也可省略(括号部门为省略的成分)。如:
1. you could have come and (you could have) told me.
2.please clean the classroom and (clean) the reading-room.
七、和前文频频的冠词、物主代词、指示代词及其余的限制词、介词和连词等也可省略(括号内的内容为 省略的成分)。如:
1.a man and (a) woman have just passed by.
2.please take good care of those books and (those) papers.
3.he lived in beijing and (in) shanghai for some time.
八、两个或两个以上被形容词润色的统一名词,前边的常被省略;频频泛起的形容词,后边的可以省略(括号内容为省略成分)。如:
1.there were middle-aged (men)and elderly men to attendthe meeting.
2.we are young boys and (young)girls.
九、若是句意或上下辞意思清晰,日常动词前的人称代词和形容词前的人称代词+be可被省略;词首的冠词、物主代词、人称代词和助动词也可被省略(括号内容为省略的成份)。如:
1.(have you)seen tom?
2.(i)couldn't know this matter.
3.(i)hope to see you soon.
4.(i am)glad to see you.
5.(the)car's giving trouble again.
十、so,nor/neither 用来透露表现“……也一样”时,也用省略结构(括号内容为省略的成份)。如:
1.—i am a student.—so am i (a student)。
2.—we haven't been there.—neither (nor)have we (been there)。
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